Б 63 Biological and Bioorganic Chemistry. In 2 books : national textbook. Book 1. Bioorganic Chemistry / B. S. Zimenkovsky, V. A. Muzychenko, I. V. Nizhenkovska, Q. O. Syrova ; ed. B. S. Zimenkovsky, I. V. Nizhenkovska. - 2nd ed. - K. : Medicine Publishing, 2019. - 287 p. - На англ. мові. - Бібліогр.: с. 272. - Index: с. 273-287. - ISBN 978-617-505-757-5 : 260.00 грн., 130.00 грн. Переклад назви: Біологічна і біоорганічна хімія. В 2-х кн. Кн. 1: Біоорганічна хімія: підручник / Б. С. Зіменковський, В. А. Музиченко, І. В. Ніженковська, Г. О. Сирова
Рубрики: БІОХІМІЯ(англ)--Підручник Кл.слова (ненормовані): підручники(англ) Анотація: The textbook contains the information about the structure, chemical properties and biological role of organic compounds which take part in human metabolic processes: low-molecular bioregulators (vitamins, hormones, other natural and synthetic biologically active compounds, including certain medications and toxic compounds) and biopolymers (carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids). This textbook is recommended for students and teachers of higher education establishments — medical universities, institutes and academies Abbreviations.............................. 8 Preface............................... .9 Introduction. The subject, history of bioorganic chemistry development, its Value as a science......................... ...11 PART І. Theoretical Basis of organic and Bioorganic Chemistry. The Structure of Organic and Bioorganic Compounds............12 Chapter 1. Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds.......12 1.1. Classification of Organic Compounds.............. ...12 1.1.1. Classification Based on the Carbon Chain Structure .......... ..12 1.1.2. Classification Based on the Nature of the Functional Group........ 13 1.2. Nomenclature of Organic Compounds................. 14 Chapter 2. The Structure of Organic Compounds............. .18 2.1. Representation of the Structure of Organic Compounds.......... 18 2.2. Isomerism of Organic Compounds............... 18 2.2.1. Structural Isomerism....................... 18 2.2.2. Stereoisomerism........................ 19 Chapter 3. Electronic Conceptions in Organic Chemistry......... 25 3.1. Chemical Bonds in Bioorganic Molecules............. .....25 3.1.1. The Structure of Covalent Bonds................. ...25 3.1.2. Сharacteristics of Covalent Bonds................ ...26 3.2. Electronic Effects, the Mutual Effect of Atoms in Molecules......... 27 3.2.1. The Inductive Effect........................ 27 3.2.2. The Mesomeric Effect........................ 28 3.3. Classification of Chemical Reactions and Reagents. the Mechanism of Chemical Reactions............... .....29 3.3.1. Classification of Chemical Reactions Based on Their Mechanisms....... 29 3.3.2. Classification of Chemical Reactions Based on the Bond Cleavage........ 30 3.3.3. The Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions............... ....30 3.4. The Acid and Base Properties of Organic Compounds.......... 31 3.4.1. The Theory of Bronsted..................... .....31 3.4.2. The Theory of Lewis.......................... 32 PART ІI. HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES......... .....34 Chapter 4. Acyclic Hydrocarbons..................... 34 4.1. Alkanes............................. 34 4.1.1. The Structure, Homology, Nomenclature, and Isomerism.......... ..34 4.1.2. Chemical Properties..................... .....35 4.1.3. Industrial and Biomedical Significance................. 36 4.2. Alkenes............................. 37 4.2.1. The Structure, Nomenclature and Isomerism................ 37 4.2.2. Chemical Properties.......................... 38 4.3. Alkynes..............................40 4.4. Alkadienes.............................. 40 Chapter 5. Carbocyclic Hydrocarbons................... 43 5.1. Alicyclic Hydrocarbons......................... 43 5.1.1. Classification and Nomenclature.................. .....43 5.1.2. Chemical Properties..................... ...43 5.1.3. Biomedical Significance......................... 44 5.2. Arenes.......................... .....44 5.2.1. Classification, Aromaticity...................... 44 5.2.2. Nomenclature and Isomerism of Mononuclear Arenes............ 45 5.2.3. Chemical Properties of Mononuclear Arenes............ .....45 5.2.4. Polynuclear Arenes.......................... 48 Chapter 6. Halogen Derivatives of Hydrocarbons............... 53 6.1. Chemical Properties........................ 53 6.1.1. Reactions of Nucleophilic Substitution................... 53 6.1.2. Reactions of Elimination .................... ....54 6.2. Biomedical Significance........................ 54 Chapter 7. Hydroxyl Derivatives of Nydrocarbons. Thiols........... ....56 7.1. Monoatomic Alcohols........................56 7.1.1. Structure, Nomenclature and Isomerism................ ....56 7.1.2. Chemical Properties.......................... 57 7.1.3. Individual Representatives..................... ....59 7.2. DI- and Polyatomic Alcohols ..................... 60 7.2.1. Structure, Nomenclature and Isomerism................. 60 7.2.2. Chemical Properties.......................... 60 7.2.3. Individual Representatives....................... 62 7.3. Thiols and Thio Ethers......................... 62 7.3.1. Structure and Nomenclature.................. .....62 7.3.2. Chemical Properties..................... .....63 7.4. Phenols......................... .......66 7.4.1. Structure, Classification and Nomenclature ................. 66 7.4.2. Chemical Properties..................... .....66 7.4.3. Medical Application......................... 68 Chapter 8. Amines............................ 70 8.1. Classification and Nomenclature................ ....70 8.2. Chemical Properties.................... ......71 8.3. Biological Activity and Toxicity..................... 75 Chapter 9. Biologically Important Carbonyl Compounds............. 77 9.1. Structure and Nomenclature..................... 77 9.2. Chemical Properties.......................... 78 9.2.1. Oxidation and Reduction Reactions..................... 78 9.2.2. Reactions of Nucleophilic Addition.................. ......80 9.2.3. Reactions of the Addition-Elimination................. ......83 9.2.4. Condensation Reactions........................ 85 9.2.5. α-Carbon Atom Reactions..................... ....86 9.2.6. Polymerization Reactions ......................... 87 9.3. Biomedical Significance........................ 87 Chapter 10. Carboxylic Acids and Their Functional Derivatives........ ..89 10.1. Aliphatic and Aromatic Monocarboxylic Acids................ 89 10.1.1. Nomenclature........................... 89 10.1.2. Chemical Properties.......................... 91 10.2. Carbonic Acid Derivatives.................. .....103 10.3. Aliphatic and Aromatic Dicarboxylic Acids........... .......106 10.3.1. Classification and Nomenclature.................. ......106 10.3.2. Chemical Properties..................... ....107 Chapter 11. Biologically Important Heterofunctional Compounds...... ....110 11.1. Hydroxy Derivatives of Amines ............... ......110 11.1.1. Amino Alcohols........................ .......110 11.1.2. Aminophenols........................... 112 11.2. Hydroxy Acids.............................112 11.2.1. Aliphatic Hydroxy Acids.................... .....113 11.2.2. Aromatic Hydroxy Acids .................. ......119 11.3. Oxoacids......................... ......121 11.3.1. Some Representatives of Oxoacids................... 121 11.3.2. Biosynthesis of Higher Fatty Acids..................... 124 11.4. Amino Acids ...................... ......126 11.4.1. Structure of Amino Acids........................ 126 11.4.2. Nomenclature and Isomerism of Amino Acids............. .......126 11.4.3. Chemical Properties .................... .......127 11.5. Derivatives of Para-Amino Benzoic and Sulfanilic Acids ............ 131 PART ІII. BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS........... 134 Chapter 12. Three-, Four- and five-membered Heterocyclic Compounds...... 134 12.1. Three- and four-membered Heterocyclic Compounds...... ........134 12.2. Five-Membered heterocycles containing one heteroatom ... ........136 12.2.1. Chemical Properties..................... .....136 12.2.2. Some Representatives Having Biomedical Significance......... .....139 12.3. Five-membered heterocycles containing two heteroatoms ......... 142 12.3.1. Oxazole and Isooxazole................... ......143 12.3.2. Thiazole............................... 143 12.3.3. Pyrazole............................... 144 12.3.4. The Most Important Derivatives of Pyrazole............ .......145 12.3.5. Imidazole.............................. 145 12.3.6. The Most Important Derivatives of Imidazole........... .......146 Chapter 13. Six- and seven-membered heterocyclic compounds......... 148 13.1. Six-Membered Heterocycles containing one heteroatom ........... 148 13.1.1. Six-Membered Heterocycles with Nitrogen Heteroatom....... ........148 13.1.2. Six-Membered Heterocycles with Oxygen Heteroatom ............... 155 13.2. Six-Membered Heterocycles containing two heteroatoms ... ........156 13.2.1. Six-Membered Heterocycles with Two Nitrogen Heteroatoms ...... ........156 13.2.2. Six-Membered Heterocycles with Nitrogen and Sulfur Heteroatoms .... ......160 13.3. Seven-Membered Heterocycles............... ........161 Chapter 14. Biologically Important Condensed Heterocyclic Systems, Alkaloids... 164 14.1. purine derivatives ..................... .......164 14.1.1. Hydroxy Derivatives of Purine................. .......165 14.1.2. Amino Derivatives of Purine........................ 167 14.2. pteridine derivatives ........................... 168 14.3. Alkaloids ................................. 169 14.3.3. Pyridine and Piperidine Alkaloids....................... 169 14.3.2. Quinoline Alkaloids...................... .......170 14.3.3. Isoquinoline and Phenanthrene Isoquinoline Alkaloids.............. 170 14.3.4. Tropane Alkaloids..................... .......171 PART ІV. BIOPOLYMERS AND BIOREGULATORS ......... .........174 Chapter 15. Carbohydrates or Saccharides (Sugars)............. .....174 15.1. Monosaccharides (Monoses)........................ 175 15.1.1. Isomerism.......................... .........176 15.1.2. Tautomerism......................... .........177 15.1.3. Chemical Properties ........................... 180 15.1.4. Individual Representatives......................... 189 15.1.5. Derivatives of Monosaccharides...................... 192 15.2. Disaccharides.............................. 194 15.2.1. Reducing Disaccharides..........................195 15.2.2. Non-Rreducing Disaccharides.................. .......201 15.3. Higher Polysaccharides..........................202 15.3.1. Homopolysaccharides .................... ........202 15.3.2. Heteropolysaccharides........................... 207 Chapter 16. Proteinogenic Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins ........... 212 16.1. Proteinogenic amino acids and their properties ................ 212 16.1.1. Isomerism and Structure.................... ........212 16.1.2. Chemical Properties .............................216 16.2. Peptides and proteins ........................... 224 16.2.1. Amino Acid Composition and Amino Acid Sequence ........ .......224 16.2.2. Structural Organization of Proteins ....................... 228 16.2.3. Electrophoresis of Amino Acids and Proteins ............. ......233 16.2.4. Classification of Proteins ......................... 234 16.2.5. Qualitative Reactions on Proteins ...................... 235 Chapter 17. Nucleic Acids. Coenzymes.................. ......237 17.1. Nucleosides.............................. 239 17.2. Nucleotides............................... 240 17.3. The structure of Nucleic acids ....................... 241 17.3.1. The Primary Structure ................... .......241 17.3.2. The Secondary Structure of DNA............... .........243 17.3.3. The Structure and Functions of RNA...................... 245 17.4. Nucleotide Coenzymes ......................... 246 Chapter 18. Lipids.............................. 251 18.1. Saponifiable Lipids...................... ..........251 18.1.1. Simple Saponifiable Lipids........................... 251 18.1.2. Complex Saponifiable Lipids.......................... 254 18.2. Nonsaponifiable Lipids .................... ..........259 18.2.1. Terpenes................................ 259 18.2.2. Carotenoids........................ .......262 18.2.3. Steroids................................ 263 18.2.4. Prostaglandins ............................. 268 Answer on the Test for Self Control.......................... 271 Recommended Literature List............................ 272 INDEX............................... .......273 Дод.точки доступу: Zimenkovsky, Boris Semenovich Зіменковський Борис Семенович Muzychenko, Volodymyr Afanasiiovych Музиченко Володимир Опанасович Nizhenkovska, Iryna Volodymyrivna Ніженковська Ірина Володимирівна Syrova, Ganna Olegivna Сирова Ганна Олегівна Zimenkovsky, Boris Semenovich \ред.\ Nizhenkovska, Iryna Volodymyrivna \ред.\ Примірників всього: 5 Наук.Аб. (4), Уч.Аб. (1) Вільні: Наук.Аб. (4), Уч.Аб. (1) |